Urutonde rw'ibikoresho by'ingenzi by'amenyo mu mavuriro y'amenyo agezweho

Intangiriro

Guha ibikoresho ivuriro ry'amenyo muri iki gihe bisaba ibirenze ububiko bw'ibikoresho by'ibanze; bivuze kubaka ibikoresho bisanzwe bishyigikira imikorere myiza, isuku yizewe, n'ibisubizo bihoraho mu buvuzi. Iyi nkuru igaragaza ibikoresho by'ingenzi by'amenyo bigomba gushyirwa imbere, kuva ku bikoresho by'ingenzi byo gusuzuma no gusana kugeza ku bintu byo guhitamo bigira ingaruka ku mikorere, kubungabunga no guteganya gusimbuza. Abasomyi bazabona uburyo bufatika bwo gutegura ububiko, kugabanya gutinda kw'ibikorwa, no guhuza ibyemezo byo kugura n'ibikenewe mu mikorere ya buri munsi, gushyiraho ibyiciro birambuye by'ibikoresho n'ibyo tugomba kwitaho bikurikira.

Impamvu Urutonde rw'ibikoresho by'amenyo bigezweho ari ingenzi

Gushyiraho gahunda yuzuye kandiurutonde rw'ibikoresho by'amenyo bisanzweni intambwe y'ibanze mu kunoza imikorere y'ubuvuzi, kwemeza ko amategeko yubahirizwa, no gutanga umusaruro uteganijwe ku barwayi. Ku mavuriro y'amenyo ya none, gutanga amasoko ntabwo bikiri akazi k'ibanze, ahubwo ni akazi k'ingenzi mu bijyanye n'uruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa. Ibarura ry'amenyo ryateguwe neza rigabanya ikiguzi cy'inyongera, rigabanya imbogamizi zo gufunga, kandi rikongera imikorere myiza ku ntebe.

Amakuru y’ubuvuzi agaragaza ko gushyiraho uburyo bwo gukora ibintu busanzwe bishobora kugabanya igihe cyo kwicaraho 15% kugeza kuri 20%, cyane cyane binyuze mu gukuraho umutwaro wo gutekereza ku bafasha amenyo no kugabanya uburyo bwo gufata ibikoresho hagati mu gihe cyo gukora ibintu. Mu kuva ku kugura ibintu bitandukanye ukajya ku rutonde rw’ibikoresho bihujwe, bishingiye ku makuru,abayobozi b'ubuvuzibashobora guteganya neza amafaranga azakoreshwa mu mishinga y'imari, kugenzura ibihe byo gusimbuza, no gukomeza gahunda zikomeye zo kurwanya ubwandu.

Amahame ngenderwaho yo guhitamo n'ingaruka ku mikorere

Guhitamo ibikoresho by'intoki bigira ingaruka zikomeye haba ku mikorere y'ubuvuzi ndetse no ku mikorere y'ababikora. Gukoresha ibikoresho byakozwe nabi igihe kirekire bigira uruhare mu gutera imvune zisubira inyuma (RSIs) n'indwara z'imitsi n'amagufwa, bigira ingaruka ku gipimo kinini cy'abaganga b'amenyo. Kubera iyo mpamvu, amahame agezweho yo guhitamo ashyira imbere ibipimo by'imikorere y'amenyo, nk'umurambararo w'icyuma kiri hagati ya mm 8.0 na mm 10.0, byagaragaye ko bigabanya cyane imbaraga zo gukanda ugereranije n'imikoreshereze ya mm 5.5.

Ingaruka z'imikorere ziyongera mu gihe cyo kongera gutunganya. Ibikoresho bigomba gutoranywa atari ukubera gusa uburyo bifatwamo neza no kugabanya imikorere, ahubwo no kubera ko bihuye n'uburyo bwo koza no gusukura mu buryo bwikora. Urutonde rwemewe rutuma ibintu byose byaguzwe bihangana n'ibipimo byihariye by'ubushyuhe n'imiti byo kongera gutunganya mu ivuriro, bityo bikarinda kwangirika vuba, ogisijeni, cyangwa kwangirika kw'imiterere.

Ishyirwa mu byiciro ry'ibikoresho by'ibanze ku mavuriro

Kugira ngo horoherezwe imicungire y’ibiciro n’ububiko, ibikoresho by’ingenzi bigomba gushyirwa mu byiciro hakurikijwe imikorere y’ibikoresho n’urwego rw’ibyuma. Ibyiciro by’ibanze birimo ibikoresho byo gusuzuma, ibyo gusana, ibyo gusohora amenyo, ibyo gusohora amenyo, n’ibyo kubaga/gukuramo amenyo. Gukurikiza amahame mpuzamahanga yo gukora ibikoresho byo kubaga, nka ISO 7153-1, bituma icyuma kidashonga gikoreshwa kigira ubushobozi bwo kudashonga no gukomera.

Muri izi nzego, amavuriro agomba gutandukanya ibikoresho by'ingenzi (nk'ibikoresho byo kubaga n'ibikoresho byo gukuramo ibikoresho bifite ubuzima bw'imyaka 3 kugeza kuri 5) n'ibikoresho bishobora gukoreshwa cyangwa ibikoreshwa mu buryo buciriritse (nk'amadosiye yo mu bwoko bwa endodontic n'ibikoresho byo gupima ibikoresho bisaba gusimburwa kenshi cyangwa kongera gutanga amafaranga). Uku gushyira mu byiciro bibiri byemerera abashinzwe amasoko gukoresha uburyo butandukanye bwo guteganya ingengo y'imari n'ingano nto y'ibikoresho (MOQs) bihuye n'ubuzima bwa buri cyiciro.

Ibikoresho by'ingenzi by'amenyo bigomba gushyirwa imbere

Kubaka ububiko bw’amenyo buhamye bisaba gushyira imbere ibikoresho bigize inkingi y’imikorere ya buri munsi y’ubuvuzi. Nubwo ubuvuzi bwihariye busaba ibikoresho byihariye, umubare munini w’amafaranga yinjira mu menyo aturuka mu buvuzi bw’ibanze bwo gusuzuma, kuvura indwara z’amenyo, no kuvura amenyo. Gushyira imbere ibi byiciro by’ingenzi byemeza ko ikoreshwa ry’amenyo riri hejuru kandi bikongera inyungu ku ishoramari.

Ibikoresho byo gusuzuma no gupima

Ibikoresho byo gusuzuma amenyo ni byo bikoreshwa cyane mu buvuzi bw'amenyo, bisaba kuramba cyane no kubona neza. Itsinda risanzwe ry’ibipimo rigizwe n'indorerwamo yo mu kanwa, umushakashatsi, n'icyuma gipima amenyo. Indorerwamo zo imbere zitwikiriwe na rhodium zikundwa kurusha ikirahuri gisanzwe, kuko zikuraho guhindagurika kw'amashusho abiri kandi zigatanga ubudahangarwa bwiza bwo gushwanyagurika. Abashakashatsi, cyane cyane No. 23 (shepherd's hook) na No. 17, bagomba kugira imitwe ityaye kandi mito kugira ngo bamenye ibikomere bito cyane.

Imashini zipima amenyo zisaba intera zisobanutse neza kandi zifite ishusho ya laser. Imashini zipima amenyo za UNC-15, zifite inyongera ya mm 1 n'imirongo ifite amabara kuri mm 5, mm 10, na mm 15, ni yo ngamba ikoreshwa mu gupima neza uburebure bw'umufuka. Kugumana igipimo cy'ubusembwa kiri munsi ya 1% mu kugura ibikoresho byo gusuzuma ni ingenzi cyane, kuko ibikoresho byo gusuzuma byangiritse bituma habaho isuzuma ritari ryo.

Ibikoresho byo gusana, gukoresha endodontique, periodontal, no gukuramo

Imiterere yo gusana isaba imashini zicukura, ibyuma bizimya umuriro, ibikoresho bishyushya, n'ibikoresho byo gushyiramo ibintu bivanze. Ibikoresho bivanze bya Titanium nitride (TiN) ni ingenzi, kuko irangi ribuza resin ivanze gufata ku mutwe, bigatuma imikorere yo gushyiramo ibintu irushaho kuba myiza. Uburyo bwo gukora endodontic bushingiye cyane ku madosiye azunguruka ya nickel-titanium (NiTi) n'amadosiye y'icyuma kitagira umugese (akurikije ingano ya ISO kuva kuri 06 kugeza kuri 140), bitanga ubushobozi bwo koroha no kudacikagurika mu miyoboro igoramye.

Ibikoresho byo gukurura amenyo n'ibikoreshwa mu gukurura amenyo bihangana n'umuvuduko mwinshi wa mekanike. Ibipimo n'ibipimo (nk'ibipimo bya Columbia 13/14 cyangwa seri ya Gracey) bigomba kugumana uruhande rurerure, bisaba ibyuma bifite karubone nyinshi. Ku bipimo byo gukurura amenyo, ibipimo bya forceps (urugero: 150 hejuru na 151 munsi) hamwe n'urukurikirane rw'ibipimo bya elevator bigororotse kandi bigororotse ntibishobora kuganirwaho. Ibi bikoresho byo kubaga bigomba kuba byarakozwe mu byuma bitarangirika bya martensitic kugira ngo bihangane n'imbaraga zikomeye zikoreshwa mu gihe cyo gukurura amenyo.

Gusukura, gushyiraho agasanduku, n'ibikoresho byo gucunga ibikoresho

Impinduka kuva ku mifuka y'ibikoresho birekuye ikajya kusisitemu za kaseti zisanzweni ikimenyetso cy’imicungire igezweho. Kaseti zisanzwe zifata ibikoresho 10 kugeza kuri 20, zikabihambira mu buryo bwagenwe. Ubu buryo burinda imvune zikabije mu gihe cyo gusukura hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga kandi bugatuma agasanduku ko gusukura gakomeza kuba heza.

Gucunga neza ibikoresho bisaba kandi udusanduku dukomeye two gusukura, uduce tw’ibipimo by’imiti (icyiciro cya 4 cyangwa icya 5), ​​n’uducupa two kugenzura ibinyabuzima. Gushora imari mu makaseti meza bishobora kongera amafaranga akoreshwa mu mitangire y’imari kuva ku madolari 100 kugeza ku madolari 150 kuri buri gikoresho, ariko bigabanya ikiguzi cyo gusimbuza ibikoresho kugeza kuri 30% mu myaka itatu binyuze mu gukumira kwangirika kwa mashini mu gihe cyo kongera gutunganya ibikoresho.

Uburyo bwo kugereranya ibikoresho by'amenyo

Gusuzuma ibikoresho by'amenyo birenga kure cyane kugereranya ikiguzi cy'ibikoresho by'amenyo bya mbere. Abahanga mu by'amasoko n'abayobozi b'ubuvuzi bagomba gusesengura ubumenyi bw'ibikoresho, ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ibikoresho, n'ikiguzi cyose cy'umutungo (TCO). Uburyo buhamye bwo kugereranya butuma ivuriro rishora imari mu bikoresho bitanga umusaruro uhoraho mu buvuzi mu gihe bigabanya ibihe byo gusimbuza ibikoresho mbere y'igihe.

Isuzuma ry'ibikoresho n'igishushanyo mbonera

Imiterere y'icyuma mu gikoresho cy'amenyo ni yo igena imikorere yacyo n'igihe cyacyo. Ibikoresho byinshi by'amenyo byiza cyane bikozwe mu byuma bitagira umugese 300 cyangwa 400. Ibikoresho by'amenyo 300 (austenitic) birwanya ingese cyane, bigatuma biba byiza cyane ku bikoresho, indorerwamo, na kaseti. Ku rundi ruhande, ibikoresho by'amenyo 400 (martensitic) birimo urugero ruri hejuru rwa karuboni (ubusanzwe 0.15% kugeza 1.2%), bigatuma icyuma gishyuha kandi kigakomera.

Ubukomere bupimirwa ku gipimo cya Rockwell C (HRC). Ibikoresho byo gukata, nka curettes na excubators, bisaba HRC iri hagati ya 50 na 58 kugira ngo ikomeze kugira inkombe ikarishye idacika intege cyane. Mu gusuzuma imiterere, abaguzi bagomba kandi gusuzuma imigozi cyangwa ibyuma bya silikoni ku migozi. Ibikoresho bifite ibyuma bito kandi bikozwe neza bitanga uburyo bwo kugenzura neza ibintu mu gihe cy'ubushuhe, bigabanya umunaniro w'umukoresha mu gihe cy'ibikorwa bigoye.

Ibikoresho bishobora kongera gukoreshwa ugereranyije n'ibikoreshwa rimwe gusa

Impaka hagati y'ibikoresho bishobora kongera gukoreshwa n'ibikoreshwa rimwe gusa (bishobora gukoreshwa rimwe gusa) zishingiye ku ngaruka zishobora kwanduzwa n'ubukungu bw'imikorere. Ibintu bikoreshwa rimwe gusa, nk'ibikoresho bisohora amacandwe, dosiye zimwe na zimwe zo mu bwoko bwa endodontic, n'inguni zo kwirinda, bikuraho ibyago byo kwanduzanya kw'umurwayi no kureka inzira yo gufunga umubiri ikoreshwa cyane. Ariko, bishyiraho ikiguzi cy'uruhererekane rw'ibikoresho n'imyanda iterwa n'ibidukikije.

Ibikoresho bishobora kongera gukoreshwa bisaba ibikorwa remezo bikomeye byo gusukura icyuma. Igiciro cyo kuvugurura igikoresho kimwe kiri hagati ya $0.80 na $1.50, hashingiwe ku mafaranga y'akazi, ibikoresho, n'ikiguzi cyo gukoresha (udufuka, ibimenyetso bya chimique). Amavuriro agomba gukora isesengura ry'uburyo bwo kugabanya ingano y'ibikoresho: niba icyuma cyihariye gitwara $45 gishobora kongera gukoreshwa ugereranije na $5 cyo gukoreshwa rimwe, icyuma gishobora kongera gukoreshwa kigomba kumara nibura ukwezi kwa 10 kugeza kuri 12 cyo gusukura icyuma kidatakaza ubushobozi bwo kugabanya ingano y'ibikoresho kugira ngo hamenyekane amafaranga yakoreshejwe mbere.

Kuramba, kubungabunga, no kugereranya ikiguzi

Kuramba bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku ngengabihe yo kubungabunga no kugereranya ikiguzi rusange. Ubusanzwe, ibyuma bya periodontal bigura hagati ya $40 na $60 kuri buri gikoresho, bikoresha alloys zigezweho zigumana inkombe yazo igihe kirekire. Amahitamo yo kugura ashobora gutwara $15 kugeza $25 ariko bisaba gutyazwa inshuro ebyiri, bigatwara igihe cy'ingirakamaro mu buvuzi kandi byongera ibyago byo guhindura uburyo icyuma gifata.

Amabwiriza yo kubungabunga ibikoresho nayo agena uburyo bwo gukoresha neza amafaranga. Ibikoresho byakoreshejwe mu buryo butari bwo mu rwego rwa ultrasonic cyangwa amazi akomeye mu gihe cyo gukora autoclaving bizahura n'ingufu n'ibihombo bya galvanic. Gushyiraho gahunda ihoraho yo kubungabunga ibikoresho—harimo no gukoresha amata yo kubaga (amavuta yo kwisiga) ku bikoresho bifite imigozi nka forceps n'imikasi—bishobora kongera igihe cyo gukora ibikoresho bya mekanike ho 20% kugeza kuri 40%, bigagabanya cyane TCO y'umwaka.

Amabwiriza agenga amasoko, iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko, n'ivugurura ry'amategeko

Kugura ibikoresho by'amenyo ni inzira igenzurwa cyane. Ibikoresho by'amenyo bishyirwa mu byiciro by'ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi, bivuze ko ikorwa ryabyo, ikwirakwizwa ryabyo, n'ivugururwa ryabyo bigomba kubahiriza amahame mpuzamahanga n'ay'akarere. Gukurikiza izi gahunda zo kubahiriza amategeko ni itegeko kugira ngo turinde umutekano w'abarwayi, twirinde inshingano zemewe n'amategeko, kandi dukore neza mu mavuriro.

Impamyabushobozi n'impamyabumenyi by'umutanga serivisi

Impamyabushobozi y'umutanga serivisi ni yo nzira ya mbere yo kwirwanaho mu kugura ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi. Amavuriro agomba guturuka gusa ku nganda n'abacuruza ibikoresho bafite icyemezo cya ISO 13485, kigengasisitemu zo gucunga ubuziranengebyihariye ku bikoresho by’ubuvuzi. Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, ibikoresho bigomba kuba bifite icyemezo cya FDA cyo mu cyiciro cya mbere cyangwa icya kabiri, mu gihe amasoko y’i Burayi asaba ikimenyetso cya CE hakurikijwe amabwiriza agenga ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi (MDR 2017/745).

Mu kugenzura abatanga serivisi, abashinzwe amasoko bagomba gusaba inyandiko kurigukurikirana ibintuno gupima ibikoresho byinshi. Ku mavuriro agura ku gipimo cyagenwe cyangwa agakora amasezerano y’uruganda rw’ibikoresho by’umwimerere (OEM), ingano ntoya y’ibicuruzwa (MOQs) akenshi iba hagati ya 200 na 500 kuri buri bwoko bw’ibikoresho. Gusuzuma abatanga ibikoresho kugira ngo barebe igihe gihoraho cyo kubitanga—ubusanzwe ibyumweru 4 kugeza kuri 8 ku bicuruzwa binini mpuzamahanga—ni ingenzi kugira ngo hirindwe ko ububiko bushira.

Ibisabwa mu kubahiriza amategeko no kwirinda kwandura

Ibisabwa mu kwirinda kwandura ntabwo ari byo gusa bigena uburyo ibikoresho bikoreshwa ahubwo ni n'uburyo bigomba kubakwa kugira ngo bikomeze gutunganywa. Ikigo gishinzwe kurwanya no gukumira indwara (CDC) n'inzego z'ubuzima zo mu karere zitegeka amabwiriza akomeye yo gukingira ibikoresho by'ingenzi n'ibiciriritse. Ibikoresho bigomba kuba bihuye n'isuku ya ultrasound, ikora ku murongo uri hagati ya 35 kHz na 45 kHz kugira ngo ikureho umubyimba w'ibinyabuzima.

Ibikoresho bigomba kwihanganira imikorere isanzwe y’umwuka ushyushye, ubusanzwe bigera kuri 121°C (250°F) kuri 15 psi mu gihe cy’iminota 30, cyangwa imikorere y’ubushyuhe ya 134°C (273°F) kuri 30 psi mu gihe cy’iminota 3 kugeza kuri 5. Kunanirwa kugura ibikoresho byapimwe kuri ibi bipimo bizatuma habaho ogisijeni yihuta, imipaka y’inyongera igabanuka, kandi amaherezo, kunanirwa kubahiriza amategeko mu gihe cy’igenzura ry’ubuzima.

Uburyo bwo kugura intambwe ku yindi

Uburyo bwo kugura buteguwe neza, intambwe ku yindi bugabanya amafaranga akoreshwa nabi kandi bugatuma habaho guhuza imikorere y’ubuvuzi. Ubu buryo butangirira ku isuzuma ry’ibikenewe, bugasesengura ingano y’ibikorwa byakozwe mu mateka kugira ngo hamenyekane ingano nyayo. Hanyuma, ivuriro ritanga icyifuzo cyo gusaba igiciro (RFQ) ku bacuruzi babishoboye, rikerekana amahame yihariye ya ISO n’amanota y’ibikoresho bikenewe.

Mbere yo kwiyemeza gutumiza ibicuruzwa byinshi, amavuriro agomba gutegeka icyiciro cyo gusuzuma. Abacuruzi bagomba gutanga icyitegererezo cy’abayobozi b’amavuriro n’abafasha babo kugira ngo bapime imiterere y’ibikoresho, uburinganire bw’ibiro, no gukomeza kubitunganya mu gihe cy’iminsi 14. Iyo byemejwe, itegeko rya nyuma ryo kugura riratangwa, rikubiyemo amasezerano yo ku rwego rwa serivisi (SLAs) akubiyemo garanti yo gusimbuza, ingano y’ibitagenda neza (ubusanzwe iba iri hagati ya 1% na 2%), hamwe na gahunda yo gutanga ibicuruzwa.

Uburyo bwo Kubaka Urutonde rw'ibikoresho by'amenyo bikora

Guhindura amakuru y’ibanze n’amakuru y’iyubahirizwa ry’amategeko mu rutonde rw’ibikoresho by’amenyo bifatika kandi byiteguye kwa muganga bisaba igenamigambi ry’ingamba. Gushyira mu bikorwa neza bihuza inzitizi z’imari mbere y’igihe n’ibikenewe mu mikorere yo kugira ibikoresho bikwiye kuboneka mu gihe gikwiye. Binyuze mu gushyiraho ibikoresho bisanzwe no gushyiraho uburyo bwo kubikoresha mu byiciro, amavuriro ashobora kwagura ububiko bwabyo nta kubangamira amafaranga yinjira.

Ingamba zo kugura mu byiciro

Ingamba zo kugura mu byiciro birinda ko abaganga bagura amafaranga menshi cyane mu gihe cy’ivuriro rya mbere cyangwa ryaguwe. Icyiciro cya mbere kigomba kwibanda gusa ku kubona ibikoresho by’ingenzi byo gusuzuma, kuvura no kuvura indwara, bigira uruhare rwa 80% by’umubare w’abarwayi ba buri munsi. Ibipimo ngenderwaho by’inganda bigaragaza ko hagomba gushyirwaho ingengo y’imari iri hagati ya $8.000 na $12.000 kuri buri mukozi kuri uyu mushinga wa mbere.gukwirakwiza ibikoresho byiza cyane.

Icyiciro cya kabiri, cyatangijwe nyuma y'amezi 3 kugeza kuri 6 nyuma yo gutangiza, gishyiraho ibikoresho byihariye byo kuvura indwara zo mu kanwa, kubaga mu kanwa, no gutera imiti, biterwa inkunga n'amafaranga yinjira mu mikorere.

Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe

• Imyanzuro y'ingenzi n'impamvu z'ingenzi ku mavuriro y'amenyo
• Ibisobanuro, kubahiriza amategeko, n'igenzura ry'ingaruka bikwiye kwemezwa mbere yo kwiyemeza
• Intambwe zikurikiraho zifatika n'ibyo abasomyi bashobora gushyira mu bikorwa ako kanya

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Ni ibihe bikoresho buri vuriro ry’amenyo rya none rigomba gushyira mu mwanya waryo w’ibanze?

Tangira ukoresheje icyitegererezo cy’indwara: indorerwamo yo mu kanwa, explorer, na probe ya UNC-15 periodontal, hanyuma wongereho seti z’ibanze zo gusubiza mu mubiri, endodontique, periodontal, na extraction sets ukurikije ingano y’inyuma y’umubiri buri munsi.

Ni gute ivuriro rishobora kugabanya igihe cyo kwicara rikoresheje urutonde rw'ibikoresho bisanzwe?

Ibikoresho byo mu itsinda hakurikijwe uburyo bikorwamo, komeza gushyiraho ibikoresho bihoraho, kandi ushyireho ubwoko n'ingano bihuje. Ibi bifasha abafasha kwitegura vuba kandi bigabanye gushakisha ibikoresho hagati mu buryo busanzwe.

Ni ibihe bikoresho byiza ku bikoresho by'amenyo biramba?

Hitamo icyuma kidashonga kidashonga cyujuje ibisabwa byemewe, hamwe n'ibikoresho byihariye nk'udupira twa TiN-coated composite na dosiye za NiTi endodontic kugira ngo birusheho gukora neza kandi birambe.

Ni iki amavuriro y’amenyo agomba gushakira muri Denrotary kugira ngo akoreshwe buri gihe?

Amavuriro y’amagufwa ashobora kubona udupfunyika, imiyoboro ya buccal, insinga za arch, iminyururu y’amashanyarazi, imigozi y’imitsi, n’udupira tw’amagufwa twavuye muri Denrotary kugira ngo byorohere kugura no gukomeza uburyo bwo kuvura buri gihe.

Ni gute abaguzi bashobora kugenzura ubwiza bw'ibicuruzwa bya orthodontic mbere yo gutumiza?

Reba icyemezo cya CE, FDA, na ISO13485, wemeze ko uruganda rukora neza mu rwego rw'ubuvuzi, kandi usabe ibisobanuro ku bicuruzwa nk'udukingirizo twigenga, imiyoboro ya buccal, n'iminyururu y'amashanyarazi idafite latex.